The proper functioning of your vehicle depends on optimal coolant management. This vital substance protects your engine against extreme temperature changes, corrosion and premature wear.
Regular maintenance of the cooling system prevents costly breakdowns and extends the life of your engine. For example, a simple monthly level check in the expansion tank is sufficient to prevent 80% of overheating problems.
To ensure maximum protection, your vehicle requires a specific type of coolant depending on its make and model. The ideal operating temperature is between 90°C and 110°C – a range that only an appropriate liquid can maintain effectively.
The essential role for engine temperature
The cooling system acts as a true thermal regulator for your engine. Through a complex network of hoses, the liquid absorbs the calories generated by the combustion of the fuel before evacuating them via the radiator.
A well-maintained circuit prevents sudden temperature changes that put mechanical parts to the test. For example, when driving on a highway in the middle of summer, the liquid can carry up to 30% of the heat produced by the engine.
The circulation of coolant is ensured by the water pump, while the thermostat regulates its flow according to needs. This precise orchestration ensures optimal engine performance, whether you’re driving in the city or on long journeys.
Composition and types : mineral, organic, universal
The composition of coolant is divided into three main categories. The mineral type, recognizable by its blue or green tint, is based on ethylene glycol. Its average life span is 2 years, making it suitable for older vehicles.
The organic coolant, yellow, pink or orange coloured, uses propylene glycol. More environmentally friendly, its life span extends up to 4 years. Its modern formulation offers increased protection against corrosion.
The universal version, compatible with all systems, combines the advantages of the two previous technologies. Its hybrid formula combines organic and mineral additives, ensuring optimal protection for 5 years. For example, a recent vehicle frequently driving in mountainous areas will particularly benefit from its enhanced corrosion resistance.
Where is the tank under the hood ?
The expansion vessel is easily located under the hood, usually on top of the engine block. Its strategic position, close to the radiator, facilitates the circulation of liquid throughout the circuit.
It can be identified with a quick glance thanks to its translucent tank and distinctive cap, often marked with a thermometer symbol. Most car manufacturers place this essential component on the left side or in the center of the engine compartment.
On some recent models, the tank has clearly visible graduations, while others have an electronic gauge connected to the dashboard. This modern design simplifies regular coolant level monitoring, a critical task for the health of your car’s engine.
How to check and adjust the level
The monthly coolant level check is performed on a cold engine and flat surface. Wait at least 2 hours after stopping to avoid any risk of burns.
Locate the “min” and “max” marks on the clear jar. A correct level is located halfway between these two marks. When refilling, pour coolant gradually to the desired graduation.
An abnormal drop in level may indicate a leak. Check for colored tracks under the car after parking and check the condition of the hoses. The presence of a sweet smell in the cabin also suggests that fluid loss requires professional control.
When the light is on : causes and solutions
The red light on your dashboard requires a quick reaction. Failure of the temperature sensor is a common cause, easily identified by electronic diagnostics.
Thermostat malfunction can also trigger this alert. In this case, the engine temperature fluctuates abnormally, compromising its performance. Another possible source is a water pump failure, which can be identified by a characteristic noise under the hood.
In these situations, stop your vehicle at a safe location. Once the engine has cooled down, check for any leaks. Professional control is essential to prevent dangerous overheating and protect your engine.
Leaks and hose problems : what to do ?
In the event of a hose leak, the first action is to immediately shut off the engine to prevent it from overheating. Careful examination of fittings and collars will often reveal the root cause of the problem.
For a minor leak, applying high temperature adhesive tape provides a temporary repair before reaching your garage. Skilled hobbyists can replace a damaged hose themselves with a screwdriver, making sure to tighten the collars.
The replacement of a hose is always accompanied by a purge of the circuit. Open the screws on the top points until the air is completely vented, then fill in with new liquid as recommended by the manufacturer.
Top up : good practices
The first golden rule for the replenishment is to use a coolant compatible with the one already present in your circuit. Improper mixtures may cause a chemical reaction that is harmful to your engine.
Pour the coolant gradually into the expansion vessel using a clean funnel. This method prevents overfilling and ensures precise dosing to the optimum level.
Practical tip : note the date and amount added in your maintenance book. This habit allows to detect an abnormal consumption quickly. A monthly level check, especially during high temperatures, protects your engine from overheating.
Choose liquids that are specific to the manufacturer’s specifications rather than universal versions for maximum protection of your cooling system.
